Ferns are vascular plants belonging to the Pteridophyta division, characterized by feather-like leaves called fronds and a unique reproductive process involving spores.
These non-flowering plants have a distinct life cycle, alternating between sporophyte and gametophyte phases. Found in various habitats worldwide, ferns thrive in damp environments.
Ferns play ecological roles in soil stabilization and as indicators of environmental health. Renowned for their ancient lineage, ferns offer insights into plant evolution and adaptation, contributing to the botanical diversity of ecosystems.
